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While forest productivity is usually inferred from height growth indices, retrospective analyses of tree rings have been intensively used to assess long-term trends in forest productivity.
Although the diagnosis of a pituitary adenoma is usually inferred from the results of neuroimaging, lesions other than pituitary adenomas can have an appearance that suggests an adenoma.
The speed of the CME that occurs near the Sun is usually inferred to be faster than it is in interplanetary space.
Such covariance is usually inferred from statistical analysis among the members of the examined protein family.
Anti-malarial drug pressure is usually inferred from the amount of the drug purchased and distributed in the country, but how this relates to the actual selective forces exerted on the parasite population is unclear, especially since use of antimalarials for any type of fever and often with non optimal drug regimens is widespread [9].
SCFA production in the colon is difficult to measure because of the extremely rapid absorption and metabolism leading to their disappearance from colonic lumen and feces, and is usually inferred indirectly from the amount of substrate administered and the amount recovered from feces.
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These outlook yields are usually inferred by extrapolations from past observations.
Consumer preferences are usually inferred by stated or revealed preference techniques.
Intrusions of dykes are usually inferred from hypocenter migrations (e.g., Sakai et al.2001 for the Miyakejima Volcano).
Such currents are difficult to measure directly and are usually inferred from satellite magnetometer recordings or from ground-based measurements of the divergence of ionospheric electric fields.
In order to classify and complete the functional characterization of the human proteome, many of the unknown proteins are usually inferred from their counterparts in other species.
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is usually hypothesized
is usually specified
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are typically inferred
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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