Although included within the P4P scheme, it is recognised that CKD is under-ascertained within primary care in England.
One reason that comorbidity information is under-ascertained from hospital records is that only diagnoses affecting the current admission are required to be coded in the discharge summary, so unrelated chronic illnesses may not be recorded [ 2].
However cases, procedures and comorbidity in population-level hospital discharge data is under-ascertained and hence researchers and policy-makers should acknowledge this in research and health planning assessments.
20, 21, 28 Opioid abuse is likely to be under ascertained in claims databases.
This could indicate that HIV-infection protects against CMM but may be more likely to indicate that CMMs were under ascertained or misclassified as KS.
There was no evidence that construction workers were under ascertained, with 8.3% of controls classified as working in skilled construction and building trades and 1.8% as carpenters, compared with 2001 census proportions of 6.5 and 1.7%, respectively.
Sexual offences are under-reported and ascertaining accurate offence numbers is difficult.
As seen in Additional file 6: Table S3, approximately 80% of the hypermethylated genes were underexpressed, whereas only a minority of the hyperhydroxymethylated genes was under- or overexpressed, as ascertained by a t-test.
A judicial inquiry is under way to ascertain whether the boys, who had been playing football in neighbouring Livry-Gargan, were running away from the police when they died.
Other covariates, such as obesity, are almost certainly under ascertained in the data, as medical records have much more complete information on conditions that are under treatment rather than conditions that are simply present.
Sensitive and socially devalued behaviors such as transactional sex, risky sexual behaviors, and experiences of sexual coercion may have been under-reported in face-to-face interviews, but it would be difficult to ascertain if such under-reporting was differential and, therefore, impossible to guess the effect on the findings of the study.
