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In plants, the innate immunity is triggered through PTI, and then ETI, which provides the first line of disease resistance18,19.
The switch from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABAA-ergic signaling is triggered through the developmental shift in the balance of chloride cotransporters that either increase (i.e. NKCC1) or decrease (i.e. KCC2) intracellular chloride.
Scholars in the disciplines of human resource management (HRM) and organizational behavior (OB) have primarily focused on explicit processes and measures in their research, but much of human feeling and behavior is triggered through implicit processing outside of conscious awareness.
And the relaxation response in physiology, which is triggered through repetitive, deliberate muscular movements — hence requiring users first focus on finger movements.
After initial recognition of stress by cells, a signal transduction cascade is triggered through secondary messengers that transmit the signal, activating responsive genes and generating an initial response.
Apoptosis is triggered through two main pathways: (1) the intrinsic pathway involves mitochondria and cytoplasmic reticulum, and (2) the extrinsic pathway utilizes cell surface receptor.
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In situ measurements indicate that the nucleation of metallic nanoparticles can be triggered through chronoamperometry or cyclic voltammetry.
The light pulse was triggered through an analogue module to deliver optical stimulations: Trains (20 ms, 20 Hz, 2 s duration) or single continuous pulses (100 ms duration).
ISEE-3 can be triggered through radio commands to execute sequences of actions, but it cannot be put into an autonomous mode.
Investigation of self-assembly by circular dichroism spectroscopy suggested that hydrogel formation was triggered through association of the complementary β-sheet motifs.
Interestingly, because these sites collectively come into play only after the gene has first been triggered through the exposed sequences, a gene's threshold can be programmed largely independently from its expression strength.
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