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It is well known that OFDM systems loose multipath diversity as each symbol is transmitted on one subcarrier only.
In this case, one data stream is transmitted on several layers.
Information bits of are split into two classes: one class of bits is transmitted on fading gain (red) and is denoted as, the other class is transmitted on (white) and denoted as ; similarly, red and white parity bits derived from the message of are of the classes and, respectively.
In repetition coding in an OFDMA system, the same data symbol is transmitted on several contiguous slots so that if the information on one of those slots is corrupted, the information on the other slots will be received correctly by a maximum ratio combining (MRC) receiver.
Finally, C 5, C 6, and C 7 guarantee that no data is transmitted on an unused subcarrier, and subcarrier k is used by only one node (either the source or the relay) in each cell during the second TS.
Finally, C 6, C 7, and C 8 guarantee that no data is transmitted on an unused subcarrier and subcarrier l is used by only one node (either the source or the relay) in each cell during the second TS.
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Patient descriptive data (baseline information) were transmitted on-line by GP participants who were given a login and a password to access personal web pages.
The transmitter is transmitting on subcarriers [−144:−1 156]56] where QPSK (or 4QAM) modulation is used.
Thus, an SU has to ensure that no PU is transmitting on a particular channel before accessing it.
An MD means that an SU identifies a channel unoccupied while in fact a PU is transmitting on which.
The high rate of packet loss occurs when data is transmitting on the poor quality link, thus resulting in data retransmission and energy waste.
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