AvrBsT is a type III effector from Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria that is translocated into plant cells during infection.
XopN is a virulence factor from Xanthomonas campestris pathovar vesicatoria (Xcv) that is translocated into tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf cells by the pathogen's type III secretion system.
Our experiments demonstrated that extracellular palmitic acid is translocated into the cytosol and localized in the ER, and that it induces elongation of the ER and increased the expression levels of GRP78 (also known as BiP) in activated iNKT cells.
Indeed, we observed a reduction of GFP fluorescence after IAA addition (Fig. 6g), suggesting that mls-GFP is targeted for degradation immediately after translation and before it is translocated into mitochondria.
Trx and its reductase physically interact with Hsp90 and are loosely bound to the cytosolic side of synaptic vesicles, the organelle exploited by CNT to enter nerve terminals and wherefrom L is translocated into the cytosol.
We found that that: (1) inert gold nanoparticles, administered intratracheally are phagocytosed by lung macrophages; (2) only a tiny fraction of the gold particles is translocated into systemic circulation.
Ultimately, the definitive feature of an effector is that it is translocated into host cells.
This prompted us to investigate further the mechanism by which EGFP fused to histone H2B is translocated into vacuoles.
Moreover, these data provide direct evidence that endogenous CT166 is translocated into the host-cell cytosol upon infection.
In summary, SseK3 is a phage-encoded effector that belongs to the SPI2 regulon and is translocated into host cells.
From the ER, ricin A is translocated into the cytoplasm to inhibit protein biosynthesis, triggering apoptotic events [36], [37].
