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In this study, fatiguing status is the exposure variable of interest and confounding variables include socio-demographics, the number of health conditions, and frequency of healthcare utilization.
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LTPA was the exposure variable and originates from questionnaires in 2004/2007.
It is important to further differentiate the expressing pattern, which was the exposure variable in this study.
The number of RRV cases was assigned as the dependent variable, the buffer distance was the independent variable, and the number of dwellings was the exposure variable.
Each exposure-outcome pair had a similar relationship pattern for both studies and all OR estimates were in the same direction and of similar magnitude, except when self-rated health status was the exposure variable.
For PM, daily PM2.5 and PM10 measurements were the exposure variables used in the health analysis.
A particular challenge appears if variance components per se are the exposure variables of interest, for instance in studies of exposure variation [ 6, 7].
Here, occupation was considered the exposure variable, the confounding factors were duration of work and age, and socio-economic and demographic characteristics were controlled for.
Antiretroviral therapy was considered the exposure variable and the primary outcome variable was viral suppression 6 months after ART initiation.
Four/more ANC consultations (sufficient ANC) was considered the exposure variable.
Another possible problem is that the exposure variables (health behaviour and SDQ) are collected at the same time.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com