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If subsistence farming is systematically underestimated, some of what looks like growth as an economy moves out of subsistence may merely reflect a shift to something that is easier to capture statistically.
In this model a particle moving close to the speed of light would, according to a distant observer, almost catch up with the photons it emits, so that the duration of time that elapses between an earlier emission event and a later one is systematically underestimated by the observer (compared with one moving with the beam).
Peak precipitation, however, is systematically underestimated.
The estimated MDR is systematically underestimated for the Nankai earthquake in this study because the seismic moment calculation area occupies about 80% of the Nankai seismogenic region.
The empirical constant ratio between compressional and shear velocity of water-saturated limestone of Pickett [J. Pet. Technol. 15 (1963) 650.] overestimate low shear velocities for high porosity chalk and the shear velocity is systematically underestimated by the method of decomposing P-wave modulus.
The performance of programs that are based on local sequence similarities, on the other hand, is systematically underestimated by BAliBASE.
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It is possible that the DR approach is systematically underestimating biomass within cover types, but validation of this map [20] and similar map products [29, 31 33] show that not to be the case.
It is possible that the DR approach is systematically underestimating biomass within cover types, but validation of this map [ 20] and similar map products [ 29, 31- 33] show that not to be the case.
In the S phantom, the reconstructed activity was systematically underestimated, although over- and underestimations were observed for the contrast and NEMA phantoms.
Some observers think that the risks of high-yield bonds are being systematically underestimated.
"The FPH is deeply concerned about the superficial analysis of e-cigarettes and that the potential harms of e-cigarettes have been systematically underestimated," he said.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com