Sinking organic aggregates, usually referred to as "marine snow", as well as suspended particles, have always been speculated to provide a surface for the attachment of anaerobes, where suboxic microsites beneficial for the anaerobic respiration exist either inside or at surface [58, 59].
The intra-conoid MTs, for example, are closely associated with the secretory organelles, such as rhoptries and micronemes, and are speculated to provide structural support for protein secretion from these organelles during invasion [3], [18].
This regions' involvement in both the observation and experience of disgust and pleasure [17], [23] has been speculated to provide a simulation mechanism of the inner state of disgust during disgust observation in others.
These constituents may be speculated to provide some balance to the effects of the coagulation factors, the aims being to avoid excessive increase in thrombin generation and to reduce thrombotic risk.
Furthermore, proline-linked PPP activity has been speculated to provide the phosphate sugars and NADPH that are used for antioxidant pathway activity and phenolic synthesis, e.g., via the ascorbate glutathione cycle (AGC).
In this scenario, miR-122 can be speculated to provide the decisive increase in translation efficiency that results in more efficient replication of HCV in liver cells compared with other cells and by that finally makes HCV a hepatotropic virus.
A rationale is provided wherein chemical resistance is speculated to be operative.
Its coloration provides protective camouflage, while its epaulette is speculated to be an eyespot for distracting or deterring predators.
It can even be speculated to have evolved to provide this powerful control mechanism.
Like several other penguin species, the macaroni penguin sometimes deliberately swallows small (10– to 30-mm-diameter) stones; this behaviour has been speculated to aid in providing ballast for deep-sea diving, or to help grind food, especially the exoskeletons of crustaceans which are a significant part of its diet.
