AMOVA analysis further revealed that the majority of PAL nucleotide diversity (77.49%, P < 0.001) was significantly attributable to the variation within populations (Table 6B).
However, data from Malawi [ 36] and South Africa [ 37] suggest that recurrent tuberculosis within 6 months of treatment completion is significantly more likely to be attributable to relapse, even among HIV-infected patients, and our unfavorable outcomes all occurred within this timeframe.
Surprisingly, the total number of progenitors is significantly increased in the mutant-transplanted mice, which is attributable to a large increase in GMP.
The attributable fraction contributed by each pathogen that is significantly associated with MSD in the case/control study then will be quantified.
In univariate analysis, an age > 75 years, immunosuppression, chronic kidney failure, the absence of fever or costovertebral tenderness, systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg, high peripheral blood white cell count, thrombocytopoenia, creatinine levels > 2 mg/%, bacteraemia, the presence of severe sepsis, acute renal failure and septic shock were significantly associated with attributable mortality.
The mean risk attributable to swallowing water above NOAELs was significantly higher than that attributable to swallowing water below NOAELs [3.6 (range, 1.6 8.6) vs. 1.3 (range, −0.4 to 3.8); p < 0.001, ANOVA].
Persistent diarrhea also developed in 4 (36%) of 11 patients infected with Giardia sp. The frequency of persistent diarrhea associated with Giardia was significantly greater than that attributable to adenovirus (p = 0.03), rotavirus (p = 0.01), and Camplyobacter, but not Salmonella or atypical EPEC (p>0.1, 2-tailed Fisher exact test).
Overall and attributable mortality were significantly associated with increasing age (p<0.001 for both), and overall mortality but not attributable mortality was associated with prematurity (p = 0.014).
Similarly, Wiedenmann et al. (2006) related relative incidence of gastroenteritis with head immersions of swimmers and whether the swimmers had swallowed water in a single period of 10 min. The mean risk attributable to swallowing water above threshold concentrations was significantly higher (3.6%) than the attributable risk below threshold concentrations (1.3%).
Attributable mortality was significantly reduced by prophylaxis: 0.5% in the prophylaxis group versus 2.9% in the control group (pooled OR: 0.23, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.60, NNT 41).
