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Detection of Cryptosporidium spp. is routinely based on molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and subsequent restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) or gene sequencing.
TB surveillance in the area is routinely based on passive case finding.
In hospitals, identification of outbreaks is routinely based on the examination of microbiological test results and patients' charts [ 4], with the definition of an outbreak generally relying on rule-based criteria [ 2].
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David Leonhardt ("Limits in a System That's Sick," Economic Scene, June 17) makes no mention of the most egregious form of medical care rationing — the decisions by insurance companies to pay or not to pay for medical procedures, decisions that are routinely based on cost rather than on sound medical practice.
For monocultures, the silvicultural guidelines for appropriate and goal-oriented stand establishment, tending and thinning are routinely based on scenario analysis with growth models (Pretzsch et al. 2008).
Bonuses are routinely based on ill-conceived criteria that focus on short-term gains and create unnecessary risk.
Taxonomical assignments of uncultured microbes are routinely based on sequence data.
Up to now, our clinical decisions were routinely based on AMH serum concentrations.
By this time all the UK POs were managing quota allocations on behalf of their members and the annual allocations were routinely based on the combined landings track records of each PO's over-10m vessel membership during the previous three years (calculated as a percentage of the total landings by UK vessels over the same reference period).
Significant differences were seen in a variety of baseline criteria between the two groups, since treatment decisions in regards to NC are routinely based on tumor size, clinical nodal involvement, grading, age and receptor status, though no significant difference in the histological tumor type was seen (Table 1).
Data about the very old are routinely based on relatively small sample sizes because of the relatively small numbers of people aged 85 years or over sampled from populations of people aged 60 or 65 years and over, which is compounded by attrition and non-response [ 26- 28].
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