Because Wnt signaling is involved in the regulation of proliferation and apoptosis, and miR-150 is reported to regulate proliferation of breast cancer cells, we think that the functions of these microRNAs include the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis.
USP17 is reported to regulate subcellular relocalization of GTPase RhoA, Rac, and CDC42 via an unclear mechanism (de la Vega et al., 2011).
NEDDylation is reported to regulate the decision between the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway and different homologous recombination (HR) subpathways by controlling CtBP interacting protein (CtIP -mediated DNA reseCtIP -mediatedet al., 2015).
Since mutation of K-Ras is one of the most frequent genetic events in human cancer, with the highest incidences in colorectal tumors (30%–60%) (Brink et al., 2003) and either oncogenic H-Ras or K-Ras is reported to regulate autophagy in different conditions (Marino et al., 2011), we explored whether they played a role in the C42-induced autophagy.
PP2A is reported to regulate AMPK activation [34].
The PR is reported to regulate the transcriptional activities of Foxos, especially Foxo1, which controls endometrial decidualization [69], [70].
ANKA, also known as AHCTF1, is reported to regulate the expression of CD40 and CD40L [43], both molecules essential in immune and inflammatory responses.
FRG1 has been shown to localize to Cajal bodies in the nucleus, where it is reported to regulate RNA processing [42], [48].
Moreover, crosstalk between the ERK and JNK/p38 pathways is reported to regulate apoptosis in some contexts, indicating that the distinct MAPK pathways are not insulated from each other [25].
In mice, AhR activation is reported to regulate T helper (Th) 17 and T regulatory (Treg) cell differentiation and to modulate immune responses to experimental induced encephalomyelitis in a ligand-dependent manner [8], [9], [10].
p38 MAPK is reported to regulate mucus overproduction.
