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In angle quantization, θ is quantized to embed the watermark bit.
Based on our experimental data, the weight coefficients are quantized in 9-bit word length which means the weight is quantized to the 9 quantization level.
wireless channels are time-varying, CQI is quantized to 4 bits and the quantized value may be too pessimistic (or optimistic), CQI reports received by the eNB from a UE may be based on the channel state a few subframes earlier, multiple retransmissions of a packet through H-ARQ may be desired to take advantage of the time diversity, where the channel can vary across the retransmissions.
The innovation process of each local sensor, instead of local estimation, is quantized to avoid saturation of the quantizer.
x is quantized to x Q with a q-bit quantizer, where the value for q is taken from [23].
In the method, the host signal vector is quantized to embed a multiple-bit watermark, and meanwhile, the quantized signal is made to locate in the detectable region defined in the context of spread spectrum watermarking.
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Then, if index J is received by a quantizer decoder with index assignment, a random variable X∈[0,1] will be quantized to the quantization level Q d π n − 1 J = y n π n − 1 J.
Each of these factors are quantized to produce a four bit signal, which when added together, creates a bitstream that is 40 bits long.
Similar to previous video coding standards, transform and quantization are employed in the most recent video coding standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), and there exist a large number of transform coefficients being quantized to zeros.
The DCT coefficients are quantized to a pre-determined level to reduce psycho-visual redundancy.
And a color was quantized to the mean centroid of the cubic bin.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com