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When a threat-related stimulus is preferentially processed, it may act as if it is presented alone, and thus trigger processes comparable with the effects elicited by a single stimulus.
Another factor that favors the representation of the high frequency sound is that, on average, the high frequency sound drives nearly twice as many spikes as does the low frequency sound when each sound is presented alone (Fig. 5).
This configural cue will acquire associative strength during occasion-setting training, but will not be present when the occasion setter is presented alone.
In the alternating treatment design, an additional experimental condition is added where the independent variable that proved to be the most effective is presented alone.
Laboratory studies have demonstrated that when a stimulus is presented alone on a number of occasions, the ease with which fear (or indeed any other response) can subsequently be conditioned is impaired [ 28- 30].
Occasion setters are stimuli that signal that a conditioned stimulus (CS), that is otherwise without consequence, will be followed by an unconditioned stimulus (US); as a result the CS elicits a greater conditioned response (CR) when it is preceded by the occasion setter than when it is presented alone.
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After presentation, each picture was presented alone with two possible locations where it appeared.
This was a time before paintings were presented alone on stark and pristine walls.
In the "visual" condition, the visual stimulus was presented alone for 200 msec.
In the "auditory", the sound was presented alone for 200 msec.
The single targets are typically assumed to be presented alone without any irrelevant distracting information.
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