Although coatomer has been predominantly implicated in retrograde transport of small vesicles, blocking retrograde transport should also affect anterograde transport.
In contrast, GATA-4, -5 and -6 are predominantly implicated in heart and gut development (Laverriere et al, 1994; Molkentin, 2000).
Transmembrane mucins may function as cell surface receptors conducting signals leading to responses such as proliferation or apoptosis, whereas secreted mucins are predominantly implicated as a first line of defence for the epithelial surface (reviewed in Hollingsworth and Swanson, 2004).
Although ROS are predominantly implicated in causing cell damage and premature aging via oxidation of DNA, lipids, and proteins, they also play a major physiological role in several aspects of intracellular signaling and regulation, especially in cardiovascular tissues (Hare and Stamler, 2005; Kuster et al., 2010).
While the human microbiota relationship is predominantly commensal, there are reports implicating these microbes in a wide range of pathologies, including inflammatory bowel disease and colitis.
Furthermore, SLC6A4 is predominantly expressed in the brainstem and midbrain [5], areas implicated in migraine pathophysiology.
11 Nel-like2 is predominantly expressed in the nervous system and has been implicated in neural development.
GluA1 is predominantly expressed in the forebrain, including the hippocampus, a region that has been implicated in memory formation.
Titin is predominantly expressed in muscle where it is involved with sarcomere assembly and more recently it has been implicated in strain sensing in muscle cells [76].
The observation that migraine is predominantly a female disorder and that several reproductive milestones correlate with a change in migraine frequency or type, implicates sex hormones in the pathogenesis of migraine.
