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Coast live oak is only infected from bay laurel and dies from infection, accounting for millions of tree mortalities in California [10].
The only exception in our study was Enallagma (Chromatallagma) species pair where the more widespread E. signatum has two Arrenurus OTUs (one host specific) whereas E. vesperum, the more restricted species, is only infected by one Arrenurus OTU.
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As there are no reports of dogs developing exanthematic lesions from VACV, and because dogs did not exhibit lesions suggestive of poxvirus infection during our sample collection, dogs may be only infected without clinical signs, or they may be a natural reservoir of the virus.
The susceptible individuals of the ( n + 1 ) th generation are only infected by the infectious individuals of the n th generation, and β j is the constant transmission coefficient of which the susceptible is infected by compartment y j.
Healthy fragments of M. aequituberculata (Nelly Bay GBR) were only infected by one strain (P1) of the 20 strains tested, with 40% of fragments displaying disease signs after a 96 h exposure to P1. 100% and 12% of healthy A. cytherea fragments (Majuro Atoll Marshall Islands) exposed to strains P2 and P7, respectively, displayed disease signs after 36 h.
Larvae that fed on female lizards were only infected with B. lusitaniae.
Pretreatment of 4 T1 cells for 2 h with a high dose of 5-FU (130 μg ml−1) followed by infection with SFV did not significantly impair cell proliferation compared with 4 T1 cells that were only infected with SFV.
At these aphid densities, though, Host 2 was only infected by Y isolates, and much higher aphid densities (i ≥ 7) were required for N isolates to occur in mixed infection with A isolates and for M plants to be the most frequent infected plants; for all i values, S plants were the most prevalent (Fig. 3A).
Hence, this would account for the downregulation of a large proportion of genes linked to cellular, biological and molecular functions in TO-cells that were only infected by SAV-3 (TO-VS-SAV3) and not those treated with IFN (TO-VS-IFN) in this study.
A pathogen is only successful in infecting an organism if it can get past its defenses.
Six months after 13 vaginal challenges with simian-HIV (SHIV -SF162P3, four out of five vaccinated animalSHIV -SF162P3rus-negative, and the fourh was outy transiently infected.
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