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Very few head-to-head, peer-reviewed trials exist; instead, evidence for efficacy of treatments is often ascertained from placebo-controlled trials, registries and meta-analyses, which often do not sufficiently address the relative effectiveness of two medications.
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Cytogenetic risk classifications are often ascertained from pooled data from large randomized studies, and are based on the treatment outcome from patients below the age of 60.
AHP [41] is often used to ascertain risk factors (e.g. [21, 23, 32]) and is often based on questionnaires (e.g. [32]).
Work in the past decade has more fully documented the mutational landscape in lymphomas, but the impact of these genomic lesions is often difficult to ascertain.
In animal models it is relatively easy to demonstrate the therapeutic effectiveness of acupuncture, whereas in controlled clinical studies, it is often difficult to ascertain the specific effect of treatment.
It is often difficult to ascertain how long a hole has been present.
However, our results may be applied in the community setting where gestational age is often difficult to ascertain.
This is often difficult to ascertain, as many paraneoplastic syndromes can precede the discovery of associated tumor by years [ 2].
Hence, it is often difficult to ascertain that a given genetic population structure is natural rather than the result of anthropogenic modifications.
It is often difficult to ascertain whether these differences were caused by divergence during the course of evolution or were brought about through adaptive differentiation.
Additionally, surface energy, a measure of unbonded surface atoms, is often examined to ascertain a material's ability to facilitate osseointegration [ 9, 19].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com