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If complex [ r ] -matrix system (1) is observable, then rank ( S ˜ ) = n r. .
Importantly, and especially relevant to images of periodic structures such as atomic resolution micrographs, the transformation field must be smoothed sufficiently that no crystallographic features are seen in the diagnosed displacement field; if such periodicity is observable, then this represents an artefact of the diagnosis procedure itself and may compromise the final result.
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If both diseased and recovered/removed individuals are observable, then the epidemic sensitivity becomes high with an extended observation period, since individuals that are infected and recover or removed prior to recording are also observed.
The condition for using the proposed method is that the camera pan and roll are both equal to 0. If this condition is satisfied and the human's head/foot points are observable, then calibration parameters can be estimated in the same way as general cases.
Lemma 2.4 Suppose equation (2.2) is observable in time T. Then the functional J defined by (2.4) has a unique minimizer ( φ ˆ 0 h, φ ˆ 1 h ) ∈ V 0 h × V 0 h.
Then, it is theoretically verified that the estimation system is observable based on observability analysis.
If the pair (F, H n ) is observable for 1 ≤ n ≤ m, then the prediction covariance matrix P ^ ( k | k - 1 ) converges to a constant matrix lim k → ∞ P ^ ( k | k - 1 ) = P, where P is the unique definite solution of the discrete algebraic Riccati equation (DARE) P = Q + 1 N 2 ∑ n = 1 m F P F T - F P H n T ( H n P H n T + R n ) - 1 H n P F T β n 2. (2.).
If the pair (F, H n ) is observable for 1 ≤ n ≤ N, then the prediction covariance matrix P ^ ( k | k - 1 ) converges to a constant matrix lim k → ∞ P ^ ( k | k - 1 ) = P, where P is the unique definite solution of the discrete algebraic Riccati equation (DARE) P = Q + 1 N 2 ∑ n = 1 N F P F T - F P H n T ( H n P H n T + R n ) - 1 H n P F T. (21).
If the dataset is not partitioned too widely, then the training speed is observable.
(ii) If otherwise, assume that complex impulsive system (1) is observable while rank ( S ˜ ) < n r, then there exists a vector x α ≠ 0 satisfying S ˜ x α = 0 which reduces from (20) to C A l x α = 0, C A l ∏ j = i 1 ( I + E j ) x α = 0, l = 0, 1, …, n r − 1, (23) .
If otherwise, assume that complex impulsive system (1) is observable while rank ( S ˜ ) < n r, then there exists a vector x α ≠ 0 satisfying S ˜ x α = 0 which reduces from (20) to C A l x α = 0, C A l ∏ j = i 1 ( I + E j ) x α = 0, l = 0, 1, …, n r − 1, (23).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com