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For instance, human beings are a kind of animal, so the consequence "If Socrates is a human being, Socrates is an animal" holds of necessity and the sense of the antecedent compels that of the consequent, but it is not formally valid under uniform substitution.
On their view, the task of logic is to study features that arguments possess in virtue of their logical forms or structures.[25] Although there may be some sense in which the argument is a good or "valid" argument, it is not formally valid.
Similar(58)
Although these respective experimental groups were not treated in parallel (such that statistical comparisons between them are not formally valid), this makes us wonder whether the difference between 2 odors (groups 3) may be as obvious to the larvae as is the difference of a given odor to a no-odor condition (groups 1).
The revised questionnaire was not formally validated.
She was not formally charged.
The Liberal Democratic Party was not formally represented.
These forests are not formally protected.
It's not formally a web standard.
The candidate was not formally nominated.
I am not formally diagnosed as Autistic.
They're not formally taught in spas.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com