Each layer is modelled with an optimization model.
Cleavage fracture of steel is governed by micromechanical mechanisms, but it is modelled with simple continuum- level models.
In [47], the residual self-transmitted signal is modelled with circular symmetric complex Gaussian variables.
The suspension flow (grinding beads, particles, carrying fluid) is modelled with effective physical properties.
The shaft is modelled with typical beam finite elements including effects such as the gyroscopic effects.
The skin material consists of a hybrid composite and is modelled with solid elements, layer by layer.
Travellers' behaviour is modelled with reference to adjustment processes, consisting of several mechanisms that determine the choices as these can be observed.
Finally, in Fig. 15, we plot Ω 0 ( L GJ ) when each soma and dendritic branch is modelled with resonant membrane.
To reduce the computational time, a quarter of the panel is modelled with shell elements for the facets and beam elements for the core.
Expected incidence of breast cancer without screening is modelled with two alternative approaches and the alternatives are compared with each other.
In the first problem the contact is modelled with Signorini's conditions and in the second one is modelled with normal compliance.
