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It is manually calculated by the planimeter.
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As an example, companies like Euclid Analytics are enabling small businesses to access data on foot traffic and time per visit, when previously this data was manually calculated and sampled.
The odds ratio (w. 95% confidence interval (CI95)) was manually calculated for nominal significant SNPs.
The mean cell volume in fL was manually calculated from the peak distribution.
A researcher's h-index was manually calculated using Hirsch's formula from the list of the total publications and their citations [17].
Moreover, head dips, stretched postures and rearing behavior were manually calculated according to the following definitions: Head dip (HD): The animal dips its head over the side of the maze while its body remains on the maze.
Among the variety of indices devised to sumarize tree shape, the values of branch size (the number of subtaxa from a given node, A) and cumulative branch size (the sum of the sizes of all branches from a given node, C), the two variables measured in [5], were manually calculated for each tree.
The confidence intervals were manually calculated.
The relative areas of IR peaks were manually calculated.
Invadopodium formation rate was manually calculated as the number of invadopodia per cell per hour.
The mean closure of the wound was manually calculated from the average of three individual measurements from each wound.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com