In a similar manner, genes that required ATM activity to establish the correct direction and timing of expression or were specifically regulated in atm (Fig.7 right side) were hypothesized to include targets regulated by other posttranslational regulators acting more upstream or downstream of ATM/ATR and/or further away from DSB sites, such as Tip60 and ARP4.
Though unknown, the causes of these urban-rural differences have been hypothesized to include, e.g., infections, diet, toxic exposures, social class, or an artefact due to selective migration.
Those portions of the genome that seem to be shared are called quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and are hypothesized to include genes that contribute to the risk for alcoholism.
The molecular mechanisms are still not known, and are hypothesized to include insertion of transposable elements, insertion of spliced introns from other genes into mRNA followed by reverse transcription, and genomic duplication [ 41].
Prostigmata were hypothesized to include three main groups: Labidostommatina Krantz, 1978 plus Eupodina Krantz, 1978, Anystina van der Hammen, 1972 and Eleutherengona Oudemans, 1909 [ 11, 13, 14], although Eupodina was placed either as sister group of Anystina [ 11] or as the basal lineage of the remaining Prostigmata [ 13].
Mechanisms for lapatinib resistance are less well established and are hypothesized to include increased expression of AXL, a membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinase with transforming ability [ 27], enhanced ER signaling through transcription factor FOXO3a [ 28], and upregulation of HER3 transcription [ 20].
This difference is likely explained by the "hominoid slowdown" effect, which describes a lower substitution rate in hominoids (including humans) relative to Old World monkeys (including macaques) and is hypothesized to result from variation in life-history patterns among lineages, for example, in generation time (Yi et al. 2002; Steiper et al. 2004; Kim et al. 2006).
Fixation of unbalanced parental contributions is hypothesized to be driven by genetic effects including conflict over parental investment between both sexes [ 34, 35].
Information is hypothesized to work in the same way on respondents preferring Romney.
The independent variables that are hypothesized to affect function include the following: The category of abilities is divided into physical abilities (such as the absence of disease and capability to perform physical maneuvers) and psychological abilities (such as mental health and cognition).
