Given the extreme nature of differences in male and female effects under this model, there is greater power to detect heterogeneity here than when the direction of effect is the same in the two genders, despite the lower overall contribution of the causal variant to the phenotypic variance (Table I).
It may be that there is greater scope to detect an excess risk in Scotland, where the world age-standardised incidence rate of oesophageal cancer among women was 4.6 per 100,000 during 2003 2007 compared with 2.1 in Denmark and 1.0 in Sweden [34].
There was.80 power or greater to detect medium size effects using repeated measures analyses with 3 to 5 levels of factors and greater than.99 power to detect medium size differences in means using matched sample t-tests.
Dr Sarah Hazell, senior science communication officer at Cancer Research UK, said: "It would be great to be able to detect the 'smell' of cancer in a robust and practical way but, promising though this work is, we're not there yet.
In fact, the procedure may declare two matrices as "unrelated" when many data are available and there is great power to detect differences, even if these differences are trivial from a biological point of view [ 26, 27].
A weakness of voxel-based analyses and most lesion-deficit association studies in the current literature is that they do not identify the entire network underlying the function, but only the clusters of voxels or regions of interest most strongly associated with the impairment (which in part depend on where there is greatest power to detect the associations).
There will be greater power to detect associations in longitudinal analyses that can also better reflect causal relationships than cross-sectional analyses; we plan to undertake such analyses as the cohort matures.
Their ability to detect plaques was greater than that to detect tau inclusions.
For SNPs participating in interactions with a symmetric penetrance table but different MAFs, an interesting (and perhaps unexpected) finding is that for model 2, the power to detect SNP A (MAF = 0.2), is greater than the power to detect SNP B, which has a larger MAF (MAF = 0.3).
This is illustrated by Model 2-GH; the power of MDR to detect both Interaction 1 and Interaction 2 is greater than its power to detect the interactions individually.
This is in agreement with a previous study by Mulder [ 40], which showed that the power to detect G x E interactions between two environments is greater than the power to detect genetic variance for environmental variance or micro-environmental sensitivity.
