Syringa iridoids are generally substituted by various acid fragments and phenolic moieties such as 1-O-cinnamoyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl, p-hydroxphenethyl, 3, 4-dihydroxy-phenethyl, and caffeic acid, which contribute to their low polarity.
Residues were generally substituted with Ala to shorten the side-chain, or with basic or acidic residues to introduce or alter side-chain charge (Supplementary file 1).
While Val53 is well conserved among the kinome, Val66 and Ile174 are present only in the 5% and 7% of the kinome, respectively, being generally substituted with small amino acids like alanine.
Because big exploration, extraction and infrastructure investments required pots of capital, long-term contracts became an industry norm.Today oil is generally no substitute for gas.
Enzymatic primer digestion is generally accomplished by substituting one or two Thymine (T) bases in the primer with Uracil (U) bases [ 4].
Magnesium, iron, and calcium are generally partially substituted for manganese, pure rhodochrosite being relatively rare; rhodochrosite forms a partial solid-solution (chemical substitution) series with calcite and with siderite in which calcium and iron, respectively, replace manganese in the crystal structure.
Generic prices are positively correlated with originator prices, which is what is generally expected for substitutes.
The evaluation of cultured skin substitutes is generally based on qualitative parameters focusing on histology.
What is generally adopted as a substitute is usually much worse, either in its own character or in its effect on newly turned acolytes.
The most significant hurdle to the development of a safe and effective hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier ("blood substitute") is generally thought to be its propensity to cause vasoconstriction in the microcirculation and hypertension.
