Adding to the degree of difficulty is the frequently evolving recompartmentalization of diagnostic criteria within each disorder.
This method has rapidly evolved and is frequently used in the clinic for the evaluation of coagulopathies and as guide for intervention; furthermore, its routine application on a daily basis reduces the need for transfusion of hemoderivatives, and consequently lessens the costs and complications thereof.
Following gene duplication, there is a general increase in the rate of evolution, and this increase is frequently asymmetric in that one paralog evolves at an accelerated pace.
Comparing the fitness in the ancestral environment (defined as the relative growth rate of evolved populations in BM) of evolved populations to the source populations, we found fitness costs (a significant difference between growth rate in BM of the ancestral and evolved populations) to be frequently associated with evolved resistance (Fig. 3).
Antineoplastic therapy is frequently complicated by the development of cardiotoxicity, which leads to cardiomyopathy evolving towards heart failure.
Piro is frequently depressed.
Recent studies have demonstrated that evolutionary conserved miRNAs exist as gene families whereas recently evolved or evolving miRNAs are frequently found to have a single locus in the genome [ 30, 53].
This type of assessment relies on the assumption that sequences have evolved in a clock-like fashion, which may be frequently violated if transferred sequences evolve more rapidly in the recipient genome due to amelioration pressures or functional duplication [ 46].
In reduced symbiont genomes, independent gene losses are frequently observed in parallel evolving lineages (Silva et al. 2001; Gómez-Valero et al. 2004).
In order to prevent excessive apoptosis induction by TRAIL, several mechanisms that negatively regulate the TRAIL apoptosis pathway have evolved that are frequently exacerbated by cancer cells.
Furthermore, it has been suggested that small proteins are frequently species-specific and may evolve independently when organisms are exposed to particular environmental conditions, obscuring typical phylogenetic examination with a combination of few protein sequences to analyze and an elevated variability in sequences [ 20].
