Exact(3)
The laser beam is focused using a lens of focal length 185 mm and the transmittance is measured using a pyroelectric energy probe as a function of sample position z by translating the sample along the beam axis (z-axis).
From the calculated laser beam waist and Rayleigh range (the 5 mm diameter laser beam is focused using a spherical lens with focal length = 43 cm) we estimate the peak density of the packet to be a few 1010 cm −3.
For these measurements the laser beam is focused using a 20x objective on either a BBO crystal to generate SHG signal or on a 1 mm thick glass slide to generate THG.
Similar(56)
On both instruments the samples were focused using 20× and 50× objectives.
Incident X-rays ((lambda =) 0.9744 Å, 12,735 eV) were focused using a bent cube root I-beam Si (311) monochromator.
A linearly polarized irradiation laser beam of 1,030-nm 1,030-nmth wavelengthd using a concave lens of 12.5-mm focal length.
The excitation line was focused using a 63x (NA = 0.9) water immersion objective for an integration time of 15 s using an inverted microscope system.
The ejected electrons are focused using a unipolar electrostatic lens and conical electrostatic mirror to form a magnified image on a microchannel plate (MCP).
Excitation light was focused using a 60× water-immersion objective (CFI Fluor; 1.0 numerical aperture; Nikon).
The beam was focused using a 63× objective (Nikon, Japan).
Proteins were focused using a Protean IEF Cell (Bio-Rad) at 12°C as described [ 83].
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