As a consequence, some of the electron-antineutrinos spewed out by the reactors were expected to morph into other sorts and thus escape detection by apparatus designed to count only electron-antineutrinos.
Selection associated with differences in local environmental conditions, combined with relatively low levels of gene flow, is expected to favour population divergence in morph composition, but may be counteracted by negative frequency-dependent selection favouring rare morphs.
Then, theoretically, morph frequency is expected to show a steep cline (stepwise pattern) across an equilibrium point in the absence of other evolutionary forces antagonistic to local selection [ 1, 6].
Selection associated with geographic variation in environmental factors is expected to favour local adaptation and population divergence in morph composition, but may be counteracted by NFDS.
Spatial variation in ecological selection coupled with low or absent gene flow between populations (or selection against migrants) is expected to facilitate population divergence through the eventual fixation of different morphs in different populations [ 15].
Gene flow can be an important determinant of geographic variation in morph frequencies (e.g. [ 11]) and is expected to constrain local adaptation by introducing individuals from populations experiencing different selective pressures [ 12, 13].
One such example of morphing wings is the deployable wing that is expected to be used for Mars exploration.
When taking into consideration that within the morphs non studied here there are still the 'rare' P. obscuricornis, a second morph of P. verenae and two additional P. apicalis morphs [59], the diversity inside the P. apicalis complex is expected to reach nine cryptic species, and a complete survey over the whole distribution range of the complex might uncover many more species.
We had expected that if colour morph switches occurred in G. sibiricus, they would occur at the nymphal stages, given that matching the habitat background is expected to improve survival in natural conditions.
As GSH inhibits the synthesis of eumelanin (i.e. the darkest melanin form), individuals of darker morphs are expected to have lower GSH levels than those of lighter morphs.
