CT genes located on chromosomes other than chromosome X (CT-nonX) have a distribution of ratios skewed towards lower values, suggesting that this subgroup is evolving slower than the CT-X genes.
If KA is predicted solely by nucleotide usage, there should be no relationship between the Z score and crossing-over, where Z is the location of an observation relative to the expected mean measured in standard deviations (SDs): If Z is negative, the gene is evolving slower than expected, given the rate of evolution in the sample of pseudoalignments.
This means that sites showing a rate <1 are evolving slower than average, and those with a rate >1 are evolving faster than average.
Note that the codon substitution rates we obtain are slightly underestimating the true rates for sites evolving only under coding selective pressure, because some sequences in Pfam are likely to be evolving slower due to non-coding selective pressure.
In turkey and mallard duck, by contrast, test results indicated that the GbE gene is evolving at a significantly slower rate than the Mb gene (table 2).
He's always been mature, but his demeanor is evolving; he's transitioning slowing into a man and I'm witnessing it in a slow motion, fast forward.
Rather, if the epidemic is evolving at a rate much slower than the response time of the model, then we can assume adiabatic or moving stationary evolution of the dynamical system over recent years.
The P. trichocarpa genome contains paralogs for all genes in Group 1, which could reflect the observation that the genome of P. trichocarpa is evolving at a six-time slower rate than that of the A. thaliana genome, and so might be expected to have a slower rate of loss of duplicated genes [ 22].
The observation that the slow copy is evolving at the preduplication rate may be explained in two ways.
In contrast, several biological process categories and some, such as neurological system process, compound eye photoreceptor fate commitment and regulation of cell growth, that are likely to be important in eye-stalk development–are evolving significantly slower than expected.
Overall, when we combine all the genes that fall within the 'important eye-stalk' BP categories listed in Figure 1, these genes are evolving slightly slower, but not significantly different, than the rest of the genes (P = 0.099, t = -1.65).
