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Because ℒ is difficult to maximize directly, we use an EM algorithm to replace the maximization of ℒ with a series of simpler maximizations.
Since the exact average SLR (27) is difficult to maximize, we maximize its lower bound (31) which has a Rayleigh quotient form.
However, owing to the plant uncertainty and system stability, it is difficult to maximize the bandwidth of the low-pass filter.
Note that it is difficult to maximize Equation 28 in the same way as the calculation of the optimal vector x i (i = 1,2,…,N) since the optimization problem is too complex.
Since the observed likelihood function is difficult to maximize in the parameters we consider the unobserved likelihood typical for mixture problems of this kind.
Similar(55)
The impact of selection bias is difficult to assess because each centre could influence the recruitment strategy most likely to maximize response [ 39].
However, it is difficult to maintain the verticality of CNT bundles as the bundle periodicity becomes submicron scale to maximize the number of effective field emitters.
That is difficult to prove.
This is difficult to deny.
Vigilance is difficult to sustain.
Growth is difficult to decipher.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com