This system is defined such that the star Alpha Lyr (Vega) has V=0.03 and all colors equal to zero.
This magnitude system is defined such that an object with constant flux per unit wavelength interval has zero color.
The generalized version of characteristic ratios is defined such that the time-scaling property of characteristic ratios is also preserved.
The refinement relation is defined such that in a design we can always substitute a refined interface for an abstract one.
A functionR0(E, μ,w,k) is defined such that there only exists chaotic motion ifE/μ>R0withkfrom 0.51 to 0.99.
The restriction operation is defined such that the resulting system on the coarser grids is symmetric, thereby allowing for the use of efficient smoother algorithms.
An appropriate cost function is defined such that the amount of required drug is minimized while the tumor volume is reduced.
The LFFN is defined such that a human operator or an autonomous leader agent forms a queue of agents to guide multiple followers.
To avoid failing to connect prescribed points, a new workspace is defined such that any target points in the workspace can be reached in sequence.
In a non-Bayesian statistical ranking system, the pseudo likelihood, which is defined such that the contribution of the past game results to the current pseudo likelihood decays exponentially in time, is numerically maximized22.
In many other cases, α can be extremely small, close to unity (α is defined such that it is always unity or greater): then separation is difficult, requiring very efficient methods.
