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Exact(7)
This is defined by reference to "colour, race, nationality or ethnic or national origins".
The term "owner or operator" is defined by reference to certain activities that a "person" may undertake.
Rather, the law school's concept of critical mass is defined by reference to the educational benefits that diversity is designed to produce.
Helen Irving, a professor of law at the University of Sydney, said: "I suggest that, if the bill is attempting to take the revocation of citizenship as a consequence of conduct out of the hands of the courts, it is unlikely to succeed since the conduct is defined by reference to offences".
But this is an error akin to thinking that because a horseman is defined by reference to a horse, the horse must therefore be a part of the horseman.
As West et al. (2007) and Bowles and Gintis (2011) note, if altruism is defined by reference to lifetime fitness, then Trivers' theory is not really about the evolution of altruism at all; for behaviours that evolve via reciprocation of benefits, as described by Trivers, are ultimately of direct benefit to the individuals performing them, so do not reduce lifetime fitness.
Similar(52)
Stem antetorsion is defined by referencing to the mechanical axis of the femur, but the stem position is determined by the anatomical axis following the anterolateral bowing of the femur.
The decision said that warrants do not need to be "defined by reference to named or identified individuals".
If it were, the material world would be unknowable; indeed, the term matter itself would be unintelligible unless it somehow could be defined by reference to sense experiences.
However, when the dyslexic subtypes were defined by reference to reading-level controls, 12 phonological dyslexics were defined but only 5 surface dyslexics were identified.
"For long-term carbon budgetary goals to have any chance of success it is essential that short-term metrics are defined by reference to the national carbon budget.
More suggestions(16)
is defined by referencing
is given by reference
is developed by reference
is understood by reference
is evaluated by reference
is derived by reference
is defined by obfuscation
is made by reference
is substantiated by reference
is supported by reference
is analyzed by reference
is defined by leave-taking
is caused by reference
is defined by yearning
is measured by reference
is defined by self-confidence
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com