Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) represent a population of stem cells that are capable of differentiation into multiple lineages.
We isolated multipotent cells from the human term placenta that were capable of differentiation into cells of all three germ layers.
The subclones obtained after Cre recombination were capable of differentiation in vitro, in contrast to the parental, non-excised cells and formed germ-line competent chimeras in vivo.
The MSCs isolated from mTR−/− mice failed to differentiate into adipocytes and chondrocytes, even at early passages, whereas WT MSCs were capable of differentiation.
There have been several reports on the isolation of cells from muscle tissue that are capable of differentiation into a variety of cell types including neuron-like cells.
Most examples are already committed to villous trophoblast and only samples from very early gestation placenta are capable of differentiation to the extravillous lineage.
These data show that hESC and phESC are similar in the undifferentiated state, and both cell types are capable of differentiation along neural lineages.
Additionally, NT3.lysM precursors are capable of differentiation to OCs in vitro with TNF alone, whereas Ctl cultures are not (C. Yang and D.V.Novack, unpublished).
In vivo, the iPS cells were capable of differentiation into cells of all three germ layers upon teratoma formation in immunodeficient mice (Figure 1B, C, D), confirming that the iPSCs were pluripotent.
In addition, EB-TS cells are capable of differentiation to both villous and extravillous trophoblast lineages, but without the genotype and phenotype changes associated with transformation, making these cells the best model for human early placental development.
