The control gain of the robust controller is calculated off-line using convex optimisation.
We propose a two-layer control architecture where the optimal operating trajectory is calculated off-line by dynamic optimization based on a rigorous process model.
For the latter requirement, Amazon says it will provide tools to automate the process, and that the 70percentt royalty will be calculated off the sales price.
Similarly, for the data carriers, when n ∈ d, pn,ldefines the matrix P DC , and can be calculated off-line.
Moreover, it can be calculated off-line and applied on-line to determine whether an operating point is secure [16], which can reduce computational burden of security assessment.
First, security boundary of a distribution system can be calculated off-line through DSSR theory, which describes the N − 1 limit of a distribution system.
Although the A-BER approach has higher computational complexity than the I-BER approach, the thresholds can be calculated off-line, and the A-BER approach is still practical.
As for generating the coefficients stored in the LUT, they can be calculated off-line and smoothly interpolated to provide all the intermediate values that could be requested by the system.
Each test was recorded on video and the latency of re-orientation at 2 4 fixed body positions was calculated off-line.
Five FDI and five ADM MEPs were averaged for each condition, and peak-to-peak maximal amplitude was calculated off-line.
MEPs latency and amplitude were measured at peak onset and peak-to-peak of opposite polarity, respectively; they were calculated off-line for each stimulated site and for each muscle.
