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The EDOS is calculated by computing the volume enclosed between Fermi surfaces with slightly different energies.

The probability of fatigue crack initiation in the surface region is calculated by computing the expected number of critical fatigue hot spots in this region.

The change is calculated by computing the percentage of persons giving each possible response (Obama, Romney, Undecided, Other) in their most recent interview and the percentage distribution of the same voters on the current day.

This parameter, the stance linearity index, is calculated by computing the average difference between an actual stance trace and a smoothed version of the trace.

Briefly, the E-value is calculated by computing the log-likelihood ratio of each column of the resulting multiple alignment of predicted sites and computing the p-value for each.

A measure of the straightness of the stance traces, the stance linearity index, is calculated by computing the average difference between the actual stance trace and a smoothed version of the trace [ 21].

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This visa restrictiveness index has been calculated by computing the percentage of origin countries that need a travel visa to enter destination country for every year.

Since the error vector can be calculated by computing the error between reprojected position from 3D point and the measured 2D point, δP is the only unknown in the equation.

The EVM contribution due to clipping can thus be calculated by computing the quantity for every 0 ≤ n ≤ N - 1. Obviously, for scenaria with large channel noise we can allow more signal distortion due to clipping as long as it is negligible relative to the channel noise.

The diagnostic performance of senior reviewers in detecting ultrasonographic signs of pneumoperitoneum was calculated by computing accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values and negative and positive likelihood ratios with their 95%% confident interval (CI), using at least one positive scan for pneumoperitoneum signs either with convex or linear probe.

Maximum survival was calculated by computing the median life span of the final surviving 10%.

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