Spontaneous PO is defined as the activity measured upon reaction with 3,4 dihydroxy-DL-phenylalanine (DOPA), and corresponds to the enzyme that is already activated in physiological conditions and total activity was the activity observed after in vitro activation of the enzyme, by preincubating the sample with bovine trypsin.
In summary, these results suggest that although the pathway is already activated in SCI, forced expression of active XBP1s locally into the spinal cord can still improve locomotor performance after experimental SCI.
This observation supports the hypothesis proposed by Kahl and Means that cancer cells containing a disruption in the cyclin D/cdk4 7 pRb regulatory pathway, may no longer require Ca2+/CaM to regulate the activation of this pathway because it is already activated or unnecessary for G1 progression in the tumour cells [ 38].
The use of a TLR3 agonist makes it difficult to separate out the effect of MV on TLR4-TRIF activation, since a part of this signaling cascade is already activated by the TLR3 agonist.
This suggests that whereas the apoptotic process takes place in fibrous tissue as a defense mechanism, at the level of the osseous metaplasia, where a degenerative process is already under way, the apoptosis mechanism is already activated but stops and does not continue with caspase 3 activation (cleavage).
For example, our approach cannot comprehend a situation where (i) a selected response plan requires to implement a mitigation action that is already activated in the system, i.e., an indirect increase of financial costs, or (ii) a selected response plan requires to deactivate an action that was previously active, i.e., a (potential) increase or decrease of operational impact and financial impact.
The [H]thymidine incorporation of unstimulated peripheral blood T cells from active SLE patients was significantly greater than that for patients with inactive SLE (P < 0.05) and normal control individuals(P < 0.005), indicating that peripheral blood T cells from active SLE patients were already activated in vivo.
Complex contrasts were generally masked inclusively making sure that in a complex contrast (e.g., A - B) only activation in those voxels gets displayed which were already activated (not deactivated) in the minuend (here: A).
Our data show that elevated 5-HT2C receptors levels in the C2CR mice generate anxiety-like behaviour in the absence of exogenous ligand administration, suggesting that these receptors are already activated by the endogenous ligand and/or they are constitutively active.
The significantly increased percentage of ICOS+ cells and the significantly higher MFI with JTA009 in CD4+CD45RO+ T cells from patients with active SLE therefore indicates that these T cells are already activated in vivo.
All Hox genes are already activated during trunk development and the tail does not gain extra Hox activity grinding Brachyury expression eventually down to a standstill.
