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We argue that the time spent playing golf is a valid proxy for personal leisure (and inversely effort) because of the time commitment required to play golf and because of the popularity of the sport with executives.
This test is based on the (common) assumption that sexual dichromatism is a valid proxy for the intensity of sexual selection [e.g.41], [42].
In Figure 3C the distribution of mRNA level vs. regulon activity correlations across all TFs is shown, revealing that whether or not mRNA expression is a valid proxy for activity strongly depends on the identity of the TF (see Supplementary Table S1 for full results).
We assumed that the age distribution of coronary artery disease is a valid proxy for the age distribution of CHD.
Patients prescribed oral glucose-lowering drugs were included in this study since that is a valid proxy for type 2 diabetes.
However, previous research [ 32- 35] suggests that parent-report is a valid proxy for administrative health and developmental service utilization data.
Similar(52)
By comparing P fractions of soil and recent lake sediment samples, these fractions are shown to be a valid proxy for landscape-scale nutrient status.
In this study, we included treatment with inotropes/vasopressors that we expect to be a valid proxy for shock.
Because its primary source is traffic emissions, NO2 is considered to be a valid proxy for exposure to air pollution from traffic.
Likewise, if population norms were a valid proxy for pre-injury health then population norms would approximate the health status of participants who were fully recovered.
Additionally, we did not use methods to assess whether the spot checks were a valid proxy for frequency of handwashing behavior among caretakers in this population.
More suggestions(15)
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com