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Maternal smoking is a key cause of poor health outcomes.
Drug resistance is a key cause of failure for treatment of HIV infection.
"There is overwhelming evidence that inequality is a key cause of stress, and also exacerbates the stress of coping with material deprivation," the report says.
Diesel fuel use is a key cause of air pollution in cities, as the engines produce nitrogen dioxide, a harmful gas, and tiny particulates that can lodge in the lungs.
* Research in criminal justice, health, sociology, epidemiology, and economics demonstrates that when parents are incarcerated, children do worse across cognitive and noncognitive outcome measures — and the incarceration is a key cause.
Despite decades of social science arguing that joblessness among disadvantaged youth is a key cause of violent offending, programs to remedy youth unemployment do not consistently reduce delinquency.
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In many studies, debt has been shown to be a key cause of mental illness.
The pressure to remain constantly in touch with managers and colleagues was reported to be a key cause.
Clearly, indifference by state policy makers has been a key cause of the Medicaid abuses in New York.
Federal revenues are at a historically low level and are a key cause of the federal budget deficit.
The EU's "open border" policy, which allowed unrestricted internal migration, was a key cause of concern among voters.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com