(On some views, discussed below, a name like 'Vega' is a complex quantificational expression; though unsurprisingly, such views are tendentious).
The λ-notation has the advantage of clearly revealing that the variable x is bound by the term-forming operator λ, which takes a predicate φ and yields a term λx φx (which in some logics is a singular term that can occur in the subject position of a sentence, while in other logics is a complex predicative expression).
For example, the 'part of' axiom in Figure 1 would be expressed in OWL as: 'ovary septum' subClassOf: 'part of' some gynoecium Here, 'ovary septum' is a named class in the ontology while 'part of' some gynoecium is a complex class expression involving the relation 'part of', the named class 'gynoecium' and the existential quantifier some.
In his view, only positive beings are things, and what is signified by a complex expression is not a positive being, as it is not an item in one of the ten categorial lines.
However, eIF4E activity is a complex function of expression levels and phosphorylation statuses of eIF4E and eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BPs).
eIF4E activity is a complex function of eIF4E expression and expressions and activities of eIF4E-binding proteins (4E-BP1, 2 and 3) that bind to and inhibit eIF4E (Richter and Sonenberg, 2005) (Supplementary Figure S1).
In sum, Paul agrees with Gregory that what is signified by a simple expression is different from what is signified by a complex expression, and that what is signified by a complex expression is also real, but disagrees with him about the meaning of the term 'res'res
According to the English philosopher, only what can be signified by a complex expression is a being, and whatever is the proper object of an act of signifying is a truth.
Thus, the resistance shown by RP against GMB1 is a complex trait which involves expression of HR, inability of the maggots to survive on the resistant host and association with a recessive resistance gene.
The resistance shown by RP (conferred by gm3) against GMB1 is a complex trait which involves expression of HR and the subsequent inability of the maggots to survive on the resistant host.
