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AvrA is a bacterial effector protein existing in both Salmonella and E. coli strains [17].
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Lyme disease is a bacterial infection.
CDC123 joins these as a potential protein modification system that was recruited from a bacterial effector.
Protection of interacting proteins from dephosphorylation is a novel function of a bacterial effector, which may apply also for other leucine-rich-repeat containing proteins from other bacterial species related to YopM like SspH1 from Salmonella [63] and IpaH from Shigella [64].
We used a bacterial effector delivery vector (EDV) system which was previously shown to successfully deliver the Hpa effector ATR13 to Arabidopsis leaf cells by fusion to the N-terminal portion of a TTSS bacterial effector [42].
Unlike bacterial effectors that enable evasion of autophagic recognition (e.g. Listeria ActA and InlK, Shigella IcsB and VirA, Salmonella SseL), a bacterial effector that targets the autophagy machinery for intracellular survival has recently been discovered (Choy et al., 2012 ).
oryzicola [35], suggesting that Rxo1 recognizes conserved components of a bacterial effector or group of effectors [36] or recognizes modifications to a cellular component that is a common effector target [37].
The T3SS, which is a complex bacterial structure, injects bacterial effector proteins into the host cell's cytoplasm and is required for the virulence and survival of several pathogens (e.g., Yersinia pestis); the T3SS also plays an important role in the relationships between bacteria and the inflammatory responses of the host [ 26– 28].
Like some of the Salmonella effector proteins discussed by Jorge Galan, IpaH9.8 is another bacterial effector with E3 ligase activity.
AvrA is a newly described bacterial effector found in Salmonella.
AvrA is a newly described bacterial effector transported into the host cell by the TTSS of Salmonella [11].
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