The study of non-linear modes and their stability shows, under specific conditions, the existence of localization which is responsible for a passive irreversible energy transfer from the linear oscillator to the non-linear one.
Special attention was paid to both the current fluctuations previous to the irreversible breakdown of the passive film and to the breakdown potential.
The essential (nonlinearizable) nonlinearity of the attachment enables it to resonate with the oscillator, leading to energy pumping phenomena, e.g., passive, almost irreversible transfer of energy from the substructure to the attachment.
Aortic valve calcification (AVC), which used to be recognized as a passive and irreversible process, is now widely accepted as an active and regulated process characterized by osteoblastic differentiation of aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs).
However, many recent studies suggest AVC is not a passive, degenerative, irreversible aortic valve disease, but the result of an active, regulated and reversible progression in the pathogenesis of calcification, including the osteoblastic differentiation of aortic valve interstitial cells (AVICs) and resulting osteogenesis (Mohler et al. 2001; Rajamannan et al. 2003).
First we present numerical evidence of energy pumping in the systems under consideration, i.e., of passive, one-way (irreversible) transfer of externally imparted energy to the nonlinear attachments, provided that the energy is above a critical level.
The essential (non-linearizable) non-linearity of the attachment enables it to resonate with any of the linearized modes of the subtructure leading to energy pumping phenomena, e.g., passive, one-way, irreversible transfer of energy from the substructure to the attachment.
Biosynthetic processes, however, rely on a combination of reversible, passive steps and irreversible, energy-consuming steps.
Grant did lapse into the passive voice more often in the later chapters, a lapse that corresponded with his irreversible decline toward the end of his life.
Irreversible contractures caused by the capsule can be detected by a "firm end-point" when measuring passive range of motion, as opposed to a "spongy end-point" which identifies a contracture that would effectively respond to physical therapy treatments [ 5].
The irreversible adsorption was interpreted to result from incorporation of 14C-species (most probably HCO−3 ions) to the passive layer formed on the iron electrode.
