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In its simplest case, irrelevant variation is introduced into the coordinate values by the position and orientation of the specimen relative to the digitizing apparatus or scanning device.
Higher level theories abstract away from irrelevant variation in lower level features and thereby arrive at generalizations that are explanatory precisely because they do not include features irrelevant to the phenomenon to be explained (Putnam 1975, Strevens 2008).
A key issue for models of object recognition has been to understand how we achieve object constancy by abstracting away from irrelevant variation in the input caused by changes in viewing position and lighting conditions (e.g. [23] [26]).
A standardized procedure is followed to minimize irrelevant variation between each replication and to maximize the quality of the replication efforts.
SHOCSY is a useful tool for removing irrelevant variation that interfere with the interpretation and predictive ability of models and has widespread applicability to other spectroscopic data, as well as other "omics" type of data.
The effect of location was evident despite being irrelevant to the task, and it appeared to be specific to position information, as irrelevant variation in color had no beneficial effect on performance.
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Therefore, distinguishing among them required learning the relevant statistical properties of the objects and ignoring the irrelevant variations.
Under special conditions an asymmetric interaction has been reported between different aspects of face perception: irrelevant variations in facial expression or facial speech do not influence reaction times in a face identity task, while irrelevant variations in facial identity do influence performance in a facial expression classification task [106].
These differences include high numbers of normal (irrelevant) variations and relatively low numbers of disease-relevant variations.
Pre- and post-nonword point durations were partialled out, as discussed above, in order to separate the neural effects of irrelevant variations in duration from the effects of interest related to the nonword points themselves.
In conclusion, by looking at genes known to be involved in T2D/islet pathology as well as by loss of function experiments, our analyses indicate that we did not pick up some irrelevant variations in DNA methylation levels but that the uncovered epigenetic changes indeed affect genes vital for β-cell function and survival.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com