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As shown in Figure 3, for a mixture of particles with obvious size difference (bimodal distribution), the calculated Z-average carries irrelevant size information.
For both HV and VH crossmodal matches, there was a cost of ignoring irrelevant size changes.
This means that it is of particular theoretical interest to compare the influence of irrelevant size changes on visual versus haptic object recognition.
Again there was a cost of ignoring irrelevant size changes: performance on match trials (such as when a car was followed by a car) was slower and less accurate when a small car was presented after a large car, or vice versa, than when the same-sized car was presented twice.
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Half of the participants judged size configurations while task-irrelevant contrast values varied independently (Experiment 1a), and the other half judged contrast configurations while task-irrelevant size values varied independently (Experiment 1b).
By measuring the target object of first saccades over a range of configurations, we first identified anchor points for each participant while they judged graph configurations on the basis of size (with task-irrelevant contrast kept constant) and contrast (with task-irrelevant size kept constant).
We addressed these issues in two experiments which used a task-irrelevant size transformation to provide evidence about whether the same perceptual representations are used in visual and haptic object recognition.
In the numerical Stroop paradigm (NSP) participants are presented with two Arabic digits and asked to compare either their numerical value (and ignore the irrelevant physical size) or their physical size (ignoring the irrelevant numerical value; e.g., congruent: 3 8; Incongruent: 3 8; [ 42]).
Focussing on late working age, the present study aims to investigate age-related differences in processing task irrelevant (display size) and task relevant visual information (task difficulty).
In contrast to the classic Stroop, in the NSP the congruency effect (i.e., incongruent vs. congruent) is bidirectional, namely, irrelevant physical size can interfere with processing of the relevant numerical value, while irrelevant numerical value can also interfere with processing of the physical relevant size of the digit [ 12, 42].
As for the object-based attention, in the pioneering study by Zani and Proverbio [ 24], ERPs to attentionally relevant and irrelevant check sizes were compared; it was found an enhanced lateral-occipital P90 along with a mesial-occipital N115 negativity to relevant spatial frequencies.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com