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This lack of awareness may lead to irrelevant modifications and the occupants' dissatisfaction with indoor environmental quality (IEQ).
If the watermark is designed to be robust with respect to legitimate, perceptually irrelevant modifications (e.g., compression or resampling), and at the same time to be fragile with respect to perceptually and semantic significant alterations, then it is a content-fragile watermark [1].
Minor or irrelevant modifications in CD83 expression were observed (CPZ treated, irradiated cells versus irradiated control, Fig. 3A) and only a slight increase in HLA-DR expression was induced by CPZ under irradiation (Fig. 3B).
First, to assess if the monkeys could distinguish between diagnostically relevant and irrelevant modifications, we included the irrelevant 90° rotation of the flat board in half of the trials.
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We first assessed whether the monkeys' performance was influenced by the causally irrelevant modification (rotation of the flat board by 90°) in half of the trials in the conditions B E.
Additionally, we ran a one-way repeated measures ANOVA to assess if the performance differed between trials in which no modification, only causally relevant, only causally irrelevant or both types of modifications occurred.
These can be viewed as omitting certain modifications that are irrelevant to the particular purpose of the model and considering the others as a single collective modification, in a similar way to how the multiple Akt-modifications of FOXO were treated here.
These results confirmed that the patients had impaired selective attention, concept formation, correction of errors, set shifting, behavioral control and modifications according to stimuli, inhibition of irrelevant responses, self-regulation capability and cognitive flexibility more than the control group.
They were classified as major (if the diagnosis and the treatment were different) or minor (if they were irrelevant and did not lead to any therapeutic modification).
An explanation should only include factors that are explanatorily relevant; an irrelevant factor is one whose omission from (or modification in) the explanation does not prevent the explanandum from following (Strevens 2008).
However, using Lumley et al.'s weighted modification, the number of copies is basically irrelevant because the data set size is only doubled for any weights [ 31].
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com