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Since the irregularities exist within the plasma bubbles, the scintillation region coincided with the plasma bubbles.
Plasma density irregularities associated with bubbles (ESF irregularities) exist in both the bottomside and topside F regions.
From the Swarm spacecrafts with zonal separations of about 150 km, we conclude that larger zonal scale sizes of irregularities exist during the early evening hours (around 1900 LT).
Under the assumption that plasma density irregularities exist in the ionospheric F region, the Fresnel scale for the L-band frequencies used in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is 300 400 m.
From the Swarm spacecraft with zonal separations of about 150 km, we conclude that larger zonal scale sizes of irregularities exist in the early evening hours (around 1900 LT) that are interpreted as larger scale lengths, initial perturbations of post-sunset ionospheric plasma irregularities.
Furthermore, the diffusive lifetime of electron irregularities can be hours depending on the aerosol radius such that it appears likely that at low altitudes, where we expect the presence of large particles, irregularities exist even though neutral air turbulence might have ceased a considerable time ago.
Similar(53)
If η t ≤ 1.2 then torsional irregularity does not exist, i.e., Ax = 1; If 1.2 < η t ≤ 2.083 then torsional irregularity exists and eccentricity amplification factor is computed by A x = η t 1.2 2 (3).
Torsional irregularity coefficient ηt is defined by η t = δ max δ avg (2 Then (a) If η t ≤ 1.2 then torsional irregularity does not exist, i.e., Ax = 1; (b) If 1.2 < η t ≤ 2.083 then torsional irregularity exists and eccentricity amplification factor is computed by A x = η t 1.2 2 (3) (c) If η t > 2.083 then ηt = 2.083 (Ax = 3.0). .
Although the simulated EPB structure was oversimplified and took a very long time to evolve to the topside, it was an important achievement to simulate the penetration of the density irregularities generated in the bottomside F region into the topside F region, where the linear theory predicts no irregularities to exist.
Yet some irregularity must exist if legal, popular, and profitable Internet businesses lack access to our capital markets.
During this last decade, nonlinear analyses have been used to characterize the irregularity that exists in the neuronal data stream of the basal ganglia.
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