The analysed tubulointerstitial lesions comprised inflammatory infiltration, presence of hyaline cylinders, tubular basement membrane irregularity, tubular calcification, tubular vacuolization, and the association of interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA).
The criteria for ruptured samples comprised all three of the following: symptoms consistent with stroke or transient ischaemic event (TIA) within the last 3 months; significant irregularities of plaque surface on 3D MRA (defined as depressions in the plaque surface of at least 2 mm); and histology of a Ruptured Thin Fibrous Cap Atheroma with thrombus present.
These changes are found in conjunction with signs of myofibrillar degeneration comprising Z-disc alterations (streaming, irregularities, loss, and rods), myofibrillar remnants, and core and core-like lesions.
Moreover, MMN responses are elicited by breaking a regularity in roving paradigms (Baldeweg et al., 2004; Haenschel et al., 2005; Garrido et al., 2008), or in more sophisticated paradigms comprising irregularities in rhythms (Vuust et al., 2005), musical sequences (van Zuijen et al., 2004), and violations in phoneme regularity (Näätänen et al., 1997).
Irregularities will be explained away.
Those irregularities can be dangerous.
The study of this type of surface comprises growth kinetics, geometric description, relaxation kinetics and influence of surface irregularities on different reactions.
The original MSE comprises two steps: 1) coarse-graining the signals using different time scales; 2) quantifying the degree of irregularity in each coarse-grained time series using sample entropy.
