FIFs are calculated of different unusual consumptions to rank them as {350, 351, 152, 153, 37, 26, 36, 42, 103} based on irregularity features.
The power spectra of the irregularities inside the EPBs were calculated along the zonal and vertical coordinates using a simple FFT technique, and they were averaged over altitudes ranging from 400 to 700 km. Figure 10 shows the average power spectra along the zonal and vertical coordinates.
For the irregularity indexes, random errors were calculated according to Dahlberg's formula (Se2 = Σd2/2n), where Se2 is the error variance and d is the difference between two determinations of the same variable [33].
Second, the degree of irregularity associated with each coarse-grained time-series was calculated using sample entropy, such that greater entropy reflects greater irregularity at that time-scale [ 31].
To assess the correlation between the clinical irregularity scores and lacunarity values, Spearman's rank correlation was calculated using an index of 1 to 6 for clinical irregularity scores, and lacunarity values in the red spectrum at intermediate box size for each image.
The seasonal/longitudinal distributions of the vertical plasma drifts near dusk (1800 1900 LT) and the ESF irregularity occurrences within ± 15o dip latitudes in the evening sector (1800 2400 LT) were calculated separately, and the average values of the vertical plasma drifts and irregularity occurrences were then used to calculate the occurrence probability as a function of the vertical drift.
First, an equilibrium state of the train is calculated using an alternative co-simulation in which both track irregularities and stochastic crosswinds are ignored.
To assess breathing irregularities, the coefficient of variation, CV ((SD/mean)×100) for the breath-to-breath time was calculated.
Second, according to Sullivan et al. [ 49], a CAD extent score was calculated representing an approximate proportional length of the visible coronary vessels with irregularities of the vessel wall [ 45].
Approximate entropy (ApEn) was calculated as described elsewhere [45], [59] as a measure of the irregularity of a time series.
