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While Japan's decades of stagnation have increased the number of irregular jobs across all age groups, the young have been hit the hardest.
Young men stuck in irregular jobs are far less likely to marry and start families, contributing to a low birth rate.
This summer, the labour ministry said, a record high of one in six Japanese lived in relative poverty due to falling incomes in families with young children and the rise of poorly paid, irregular jobs.
Women's wages lag one-third behind men's, partly because they take irregular jobs, partly because they stop working to start families, and also because women are not given the same opportunities as men to follow managerial careers.
This exacerbates the skills gap in the Japanese economy and weakens its overall level of competitiveness.One encouraging sign, according to Tokyo University's Mr Genda, is that young people with irregular jobs are finding it easier to stay on longer at the companies that hire them.
Last year, 45 percent of those ages 15 to 24 in the work force held irregular jobs, up from 17.2 percent in 1988 and as much as twice the rate among workers in older age groups, who cling tenaciously to the old ways.
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Similarly, when the recurring tasks are not strictly periodic but are sporadic, there is extra processor bandwidth arising because of irregular job arrivals.
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Similarly, shift workers have difficulty maintaining a healthy sleep-wake schedule due to irregular job hours.
The family earns about $20 per week, from Mr. Candelaria's irregular job driving a jeepney (local bus) around the city.
The family earns about $20 per week from the father's irregular job driving a local bus (known as a jeepney) around the city.
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