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The randomization in two different irradiation powers for I-CXL was to evaluate if, giving the different impregnation method (I-CXL), the irradiance power had any influence in the results.
Furthermore, since the energy dose of I-CXL is the same as S-CXL protocol (5.4 J/cm), further studies are required to understand if more irradiance power is necessary to reach the standard protocol biomechanical effect, as well as if this lower stiffening effect may however be enough to stabilize an ectatic cornea.
The area of each ulcer was determined and the intended energy density for the time of the treatment session was calculated using the following equation: T = D × A/P, where (T) is time in seconds, (D) is energy density in J/cm, (A) is bed ulcer area in cm2 and (P) is the irradiance power in Watts.
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Also, the integration times and irradiance powers for in vivo Raman measurements must be limited for practical and safety reasons.
It is shown in Table 1 that at a forward current of 700 mA (the recommended drive current for the LED), the irradiance (or power density) of the LED employed is 102 mwhich whish is multiple times more powerful per unit area than many commercial photolithography tools.
If the nonlinear absorption coefficient β is positive, it increases with increasing the input power irradiance (two-photon absorption), but if β is negative, it decreases with increasing the input power irradiance (saturation absorption).
An analysis of the complementary characteristics of solar irradiance and wind power for Hong Kong is presented.
Environmental drivers were derived from time series (2002-2013) of climatological ranges and anomalies of remotely sensed sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, irradiance, and wave power.
We use mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), correlation coefficient and skill score for analyzing the accuracy of the global solar irradiance and PV power forecasts.
Power-law fitting of the threshold data showed that the number of applied pulses was inversely proportional to the fourth power of irradiance (scaling exponent k=4) at 720 and 840 nm and the fifth power of irradiance (k=5) at 950 nm.
Light power and irradiance measurements, in a real indoor environment, are performed and results are presented.
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