Exact(2)
However, this uncovered UC PL enhancement strategy is limited to applications that permit a high irradiance density.
Interestingly, a recent investigation revealed that the "concentration quenching effect" from a high concentration of activators can be circumvented by utilization of a high laser irradiance density (∼10 W/cm), producing a higher brightness of UCNPs due to a higher concentration of activator as luminescent centers.
Similar(58)
Figure 2 Camera response function and irradiance probability density function.
Above this temperature, solar irradiance and biomass density had a more important effect on growth rate and productivity than temperature.
Humic epipedon morphological and chemical properties, relative irradiance, soil bulk density, and the specific composition of the litter in MS were also investigated.
It is shown in Table 1 that at a forward current of 700 mA (the recommended drive current for the LED), the irradiance (or power density) of the LED employed is 102 mwhich whish is multiple times more powerful per unit area than many commercial photolithography tools.
The irradiance and photon flux density are related by I (E) = Eb s (E).
Analysis of our data revealed a critical value of the ratio between incident solar irradiance (MJ m−2 d−1) and cell density (106 cells ml−1) at the moment when the protective black netting was removed from the cultures.
APE is defined as the ratio of integrated solar irradiance to integrated photon flux density.
Fox and Yeager (2009) investigated the dependence of M1 electron density on solar irradiance using Mars Global Surveyor electron density profiles.
The plants grew at uniform irradiance of photosynthetic photon flux density of 300 μmol m−2 s−1.
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