There are changes in the phase compositions on the surface of the Ni-base coatings during wear testing upon the effect of friction heat, and the wear volume after 60 min for the coating on cast iron substrate is much lower than for those on steel substrate.
In E. amylovora, foxR mutants retain ability to synthesize desferrioxamine E, but lose their ability to utilize this as an iron substrate, are impaired in growth under iron-limited conditions such as found on flower surfaces, have reduced virulence, and are less resistant to plant defence responses [ 67, 68].
We further advance this discussion by designing experiments where the friction behavior of a conical diamond tip sliding on different plasma nitrided and post-oxidized pure iron substrates was determined.
And then the iron substrates were immersed in the corrosive solution at room temperature (~25 °C) for 12 h.
When iron substrates are brought in contact with water and air, iron rust often unavoidably forms on the surface of iron substrates.
This should be because the underlying iron substrates are covered with stable thin films of LDHs, protecting the iron substrates against further corrosion.
Bulk pellets and coatings of NiAl-Al2O3 composites on gray cast-iron substrates are fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 700 and 1050 °C using a highly reactive powder-mixture of "13Al + 8Ni + 3NiO" activated by 1 hour ball milling.
This diffusion layer plays a key role in inhibiting the thermal expansion of iron substrate, which is named diffusion-layer inhibitory mechanism.
The effect of titanium (Ti) added to the top layer of an aluminum (Al /iron (Fe)/Al (bottom) sandwich catalytic substrate was studied.
plating is applied, the mole fraction of iron near the substrate is higher than during steady-state deposition since iron is preferentially deposited beside nickel and the achievement of the steady-state deposition condition takes time.
