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Specifically, we include four firm-specific IPO control variables: the IPO's offering size (Proceeds), the demand for IPO (Oversold), an underwriter reputation dummy variable (Uwrt), and the prior-IPO firm performance proxied by the return of equity (ROE) 1 year before the IPO date.
Interestingly, after the actual IPO date, all performance metrics returned to their initial levels.
We use data with consistent firm identifiers before and after the IPO date.
Which time events (related to the IPO) had the biggest effect (e.g., IPO filing and actual IPO date)?
Twitter reported a loss of $79 million before its IPO, yet it commanded a valuation of $24 billion on its IPO date in 2013.
Extending the examination period up to three years following the IPO date, we find a negative and significant impact of unionization on firm performance and survival confirming investors' doubts.
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The company's NYSE IPO dates back to May 2011.
That makes it the biggest private equity IPO to date and among the biggest financial services IPOs.
…it was the world's largest initial public offering (IPO) to date.
Alibaba, the Chinese e-commerce company, recently had the largest IPO to date.
Battlefield alumni have collectively raised nearly $7 billion and produced nearly 100 exits and IPOs to date.
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